Global fish farming may be the solution to the impending collapse of the commercial fishing industry, but penned fish are susceptible to infectious diseases. Infection with salmon infectious anemia virus, an orthomyxovirus, lead Wal-Mart to stop buying farmed salmon from Chile, the world’s second largest producer of the fish. As a consequence Chilean farmed salmon are being immunized to prevent infection. Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is another disease of farmed salmon, first detected in Norway – the world’s largest supplier of the fish – in 1999. The results of deep sequencing suggest that HSMI is caused by a novel piscine reovirus.
